Influence of pharmacological groups on osseointegration failure in dental implant
Keywords:
osseointegration; pharmaceutical preparations; dental implants; pharmacologic actions; tooth lossAbstract
Introduction: Osseointegration is the phase in which the dental implant is firmly attached to the surrounding bone. This process is essential for the long-term success of dental implants. However, osseointegration may be compromised by the medications the patient receives to treat underlying pathologies. Therefore, depending on the medications prescribed to the patient, it is important for the clinician to recognize which pharmacological groups affect osseointegration and consequently implant failure, in order to evaluate each particular case.
Objective: The aim of this study is to provide information on the pharmacological
groups that may affect osseointegration of dental implants and cause their failure.
Methods: A search of the available literature (clinical cases, epidemiological studies and reviews) was performed in clinical reference databases (Pubmed-Medline, Elsevier-Clinical key) using MESH descriptors related with implants and drugs in a publication period from 2019 to 2023.
Results: A total of 116 articles were included, identifying several pharmacological groups commonly used in medicine that have a significant effect on osseointegration due to their mechanism of action, including bisphosphonates, anticoagulants, analgesics, proton pump inhibitors, among others.
Conclusions: This review compels the most common drugs that can affect the osseointegration process, including their pharmacological groups. It is important to identify in the medical history of the patients the use of these drugs in order to know the potential complications which may occur during the osseointegration process and to take measures to avoid failure during this dental procedure.
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