Prospects for COVID-19 Vaccines for Health Systems based on their Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Efficiency
Keywords:
Vaccines; COVID-19, efficacy, effectiveness, efficiencyAbstract
Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines represent a milestone in the global response to the pandemic, with varying levels of efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency that require detailed analysis for optimal implementation.
Objective: To analyze the different COVID-19 vaccines available in terms of their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency, considering technical, logistical, and economic aspects for their application in different health systems.
Methods: An exhaustive search was conducted in the specialized databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials from 2020 to 2024. Articles were selected that included data on efficacy, effectiveness, storage conditions, and costs of the 11 COVID-19 vaccines with the highest global implementation and solid scientific backing. The analysis was structured into four categories.
Conclusions: The diversity of COVID-19 vaccines reflects the complexity of global health systems, as there is no universal vaccine, but only solutions adapted to each epidemiological, socioeconomic, and health reality.
Each vaccine represents a specific response designed for particular contexts: from mRNA technologies in developed countries to inactivated virus vaccines in regions with limited infrastructure. Efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency vary according to factors such as population density, storage conditions, access to medical services, and the genetic characteristics of each population. The key is not to find a single solution, but to understand that the strategy against COVID-19 requires flexibility, adaptability, and a personalized approach that recognizes the particularities of each health system.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Miguel Flores González, Miriam Estefania Martínez De la torre
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