Perspectivas de las vacunas anti-COVID-19 para los sistemas de salud según su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia
Palabras clave:
Vacunas, COVID-19, eficacia, efectividad, eficiencia.Resumen
Introducción: Las vacunas anti-COVID-19 representan un hito en la respuesta global a la pandemia con diferentes niveles de eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia que requieren un análisis detallado para su óptima implementación.
Objetivo: Analizar las diferentes vacunas anti-COVID-19 disponibles en términos de su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia, al considerar aspectos técnicos, logísticos y económicos para su aplicación en los distintos sistemas de salud.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos especializadas PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y ClinicalTrials en el periodo 2020-2024. Se seleccionaron artículos que incluían datos de eficacia, efectividad, condiciones de almacenamiento y costos de las 11 vacunas anti-COVID-19 con mayor implementación global y respaldo científico sólido. El análisis se estructuró en cuatro
categorías.
Conclusiones: La diversidad de vacunas anti-COVID-19 refleja la complejidad de los sistemas de salud globales al no existir una vacuna universal, sino solo soluciones adaptadas a cada realidad epidemiológica, socioeconómica y sanitaria. Cada vacuna representa una respuesta específica diseñada para contextos particulares: desde las tecnologías de mRNA en países desarrollados hasta las vacunas de virus inactivado en regiones con infraestructura limitada. La eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia varían según factores como densidad poblacional, condiciones de almacenamiento, acceso a servicios médicos y características genéticas de cada población. Lo fundamental no es encontrar una solución única, sino comprender que la estrategia contra la COVID-19 requiere flexibilidad, adaptabilidad y un enfoque personalizado que reconozca las particularidades de cada sistema de salud.
Citas
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